Venous Insufficiency: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology

In venous insufficiency states, venous blood escapes from its normal antegrade path of flow and refluxes backward down the veins into an already congested leg. Venous insufficiency syndromes are most commonly caused by valvular incompetence in the low-pressure superficial venous system but may also be caused by valvular incompetence in the hi

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